Our Research

Publications

Jose, B., Poudel, A., Smith, B. K., Burch, R. F., Saucier, D., & Strawderman, L. (2025). Wearable Technology Hesitancy in Industrial Applications. IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors. https://doi.org/10.1080/24725838.2024.2448686

Saucier, David; McDonald, Kaitlyn; Mydlo, Michael; Barber, Rachel; Wall, Emily; Derby, Hunter; Reneker, Jennifer C.; Chander, Harish; Burch, Reuben F.; Weinstein, James L. (2025). Validating a Wearable VR Headset for Postural Sway: Comparison with Force Plate COP Across Standardized Sensorimotor Tests. Electronics, 14(21), 4156. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14214156

Phan, P. K.; Vo, A.T.N.; Saucier, D.; Elder, S.; To, F.; Burch, R.; Chander, H.; Sharma, S.; Vandenheever, D. (2025). Neurophysiological and Biomechanical Determinants of Successful Basketball Throws. Journal of Motor Behavior, 57(5), 577–594.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2025.2532478

Petway, Adam J.; Burch, Reuben F.; Saucier, David; Gillen, Zachary M.; Epsley, Scott; Forbes, Randy; Hurwitz, Jacob; King, Josh (2025). Examining prior injury relative to Achilles tendon ruptures in National Basketball Association players. Research in Sports Medicine, 33(5), 525–536.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2025.2481894

Middleton, John Carver; Saucier, David; Davarzani, Samaneh; Parker, Erin; Sellers, Tristen; Chalmers, James; Burch, Reuben F.; Ball, John E.; Freeman, Charles Edward; Smith, Brian; Chander, Harish (2025). Validating Capacitive Pressure Sensors for Mobile Gait Assessment. Biomechanics, 5(3), 54.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics5030054

Gillen, Z., Burch, R., Saucier, D., Strawderman, L., Luczak, T., Piroli, A., Petway, A., & Rath, T. (2025). Changes in Drop and Repeated Jump Ground Reaction Forces After a 10-Week Offseason Strength and Conditioning Program in Division I American Football Players. International Journal of Strength and Conditioning, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.47206/ijsc.v5i1.358

Jose, Bailey; Strawderman, Lesley; Burch, Reuben F.; Saucier, David; Kikuta, Riku (2024). Passive vs. active wearable technology monitoring trunk flexion in elementary teachers. International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 11(2), 172–187.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHFE.2024.139190

Hicks, Bruce; Bonner, Andrew; Vaughn, Leah; Saucier, David; Dabbiru, Lalitha; Ball, John; Gurbuz, Ali C. (2024). Accelerated Hough transform-based tree diameter extraction from LiDAR point cloud data. In Autonomous Systems: Sensors, Processing, and Security for Ground, Air, Sea, and Space Vehicles and Infrastructure 2024 (SPIE).
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3013117

Lowell, R. K., Saucier, D. N., Chander, H., Burch, R. F., & Gillen, Z. M. (2024). Effects of an auditory versus visual stimulus on reaction and response time during countermovement jumps. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 131(4), 1080-1096.
https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241256688

Gillen, Z. M., Burch, R. F., Saucier, D. N., Strawderman, L., Luczak, T., Piroli, A., Petway, A. J., & Rath, T. (2024). Effects of a strength and conditioning offseason program on countermovement jump ground reaction forces in Division I American football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 38(3), e86-e95.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004660

Gillen, Z. M. (2024). Position-Specific Differences in Speed Profiles Among National Football League Scouting Combine Participants. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.
https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000004958

Luczak, Tony; Saucier, David; Chander, Harish; Tang, Yanbing; Freeman, Charles; Lamberth, John; Ball, John E.; Grice, Steven M.; Middleton, Carver; Chen, Chih Chia; Jackson, Kait; Taquino, Michael; Parker, Erin; Gillen, Zachary M.; Neff, Michael; Duclos, Martin; Burch, Reuben F. (2023). The Opportunity to Collect Kinetic Forces During a Round of Golf Using Wearable Devices: Single-Subject Case Study – The Full Swings. 2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW).
https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW58643.2023.00061

Lowell, R.; Saucier, D.; Chander, H.; Burch, R.; Gillen, Z. (2023). Effects of auditory and visual stimuli on reaction and response time during countermovement jumps. International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings, 16(2), 210.
https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijesab/vol16/iss2/210

Kikuta, R.; Carruth, D. W.; Burch V, R. F.; Ball, J. E.; Kageyama, I. (2023). Risk Assessment and Observation of Driver with Pedestrian Using Instantaneous Heart Rate and HRV. AHFE 2023 International Conference Proceedings.
https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003827

Lowell, R. K., Conner, N. O., Derby, H., Hill, C. M., Gillen, Z. M., Burch, R., Knight, A. C., Reneker, J. C., & Chander, H. (2023). Quick on Your Feet: Modifying the Star Excursion Balance Test with a Cognitive Motor Response Time Task. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1204.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021204

Gillen, Z. M. (2023). Percentile rankings and position differences for absolute and allometrically scaled performance measures from the National Football League Scouting Combine. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 37(12), e613-e624.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004546

Davarzani, S., Saucier, D., Talegaonkar, P., Parker, E., Turner, A., Middleton, C., Carroll, W., Ball, J. E., Gurbuz, A., Chander, H., Burch, R. F., Smith, B. K., Knight, A., & Freeman, C. (2023). Closing the Wearable Gap: Foot–ankle kinematic modeling via deep learning models based on a smart sock wearable. Wearable Technologies, 4, e4.
https://doi.org/10.1017/wtc.2023.3

Chander, H., McCrory, A., Chandler, S. J., Freeny, S., Griffith, A., Burch, R., Strawderman, L., & Knight, A. C. (2023). Noise Interference Impacts Simple and Choice Response Times during a Lower Extremity Cognitive–Motor Task. Clinical and Translational Neuroscience.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ctn7010004

Burch, R. F.; Chander, H.; Saucier, D.; Ball, J. (2023). Incorporation of a smart sock with the virtual immersive test for postural stability. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences (Southern Regional Meeting Supplement).
https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10437677-incorporation-smart-sock-virtual-immersive-test-postural-stability

S. McDevitt et al., “Wearables for Biomechanical Performance Optimization and Risk Assessment in Industrial and Sports Applications,” Bioengineering (Basel), vol. 9, no. 1, p. 33, Jan. 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9010033

Strawderman, L., Jose, B., Burch, R. F., Warren, S., Taylor, C., Ball, J. E., Freeman, C., & Chander, H. (2022). The applicability of existing acceptance models for enterprise organizational technology acceptance of wearables. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103381

Lehra, Colbert; Omalekb, Othmane; Osborne, Sam; Warren, Zachary; Saucier, David; Burch, Reuben F.; Ball, John; Chander, Harish (2022). Wearable Applications in Rugby for Performance Quantification and Player Health Assessment: A Brief Review. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 10(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.2p.1

J. S. Arlotti et al., “Benefits of IMU-based Wearables in Sports Medicine: Narrative Review,” International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, vol. 10, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Jan. 2022, https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.10n.1p.36

Gaddis, E. S., Burch, R. F., Strawderman, L., Chander, H., Smith, B. K., Freeman, C., & Taylor, C. (2022). The impact of using wearable devices on the operator during manual material handling tasks. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103294

Stannard, Casey; Freeman, Charles; Strawderman, Lesley; Moore, Meagan; Newhauser, Wayne; Burch, Reuben; Black, Catherine; Saucier, David (2022). Evaluating the fit-effectiveness of fabric-based reusable face masks on 3D printed NIOSH headforms. Textile Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/00405175221089287

C. Freeman et al., “Do They Really Work? Quantifying Fabric Mask Effectiveness to Improve Public Health Messaging,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 11, Art. no. 11, Jan. 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116372

H. Chander, H. Derby, R. Burch, C. Freeman, A. Knight, and A. Talukder, “Impact of Sub-Clinical and Clinical Compression Socks on Postural Stability Tasks among Individuals with Ankle Instability,” Healthcare, vol. 10, p. 1271, Jul. 2022, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071271

R. Burch et al., “Handheld device formfactor effects on worker productivity during loading tasks: a case study,” International Journal of Services Technology and Management, vol. 28, no. 1–2, pp. 46–67, Jan. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTM.2022.123504

Turner, A.J.; Carroll, W.; Kodithuwakku Arachchige, S.N.K.; Saucier, D.; Burch V, R.F.; Ball, J.E.; Smith, B.K.; Freeman, C.E.; Knight, A.C.; Chander, H. Closing the Wearable Gap—Part VIII: A Validation Study for a Smart Knee Brace to Capture Knee Joint Kinematics. Biomechanics 2021, 1, 152-162.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics1010012

*Smith, E., Burch, R. F., Strawderman, L., Chander, H., & Smith, B. (2021). A Comfort Analysis of Using Smart Glasses During the "Picking" and "Putting" Task. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 83, 103133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103133

Saucier, David N.; Davarzani, Samaneh; Burch V, Reuben F.; Chander, Harish; Strawderman, Lesley; Freeman, Charles; Ogden, Logan; Petway, Adam; Duvall, Aaron; Crane, Collin; Piroli, Anthony (2021). External Load and Muscle Activation Monitoring of NCAA Division I Basketball Team Using Smart Compression Shorts. Sensors, 21(16), 5348.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165348

*Kodithuwakku Arachchige, S. N. K., Burch, R. F., Chander, H., *Turner, A., & Knight, A. (2021). The Use of Wearable Devices in Cognitive Fatigue: Current Trends and Future Intentions. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.1965670

Phan, P., Vo, A., Bakhtiarydavijani, A., Burch, R., Smith, B. K., Ball, J. E., ... & Prabhu, R (2021). In Silico Finite Element Analysis of the Foot Ankle Complex Biomechanics: A Literature Review. Journal of biomechanical engineering.
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050667

Persons, A.K.; Ball, J.E.; Freeman, C.; Macias, D.M.; Simpson, C.L.; Smith, B.K.; Burch V, R.F. Fatigue Testing of Wearable Sensing Technologies: Issues and Opportunities. Materials 2021, 14, 4070.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154070

Peranich, P.; Carroll, W. O.; Middleton, C.; Parker, E.; Prabhakar, S.; Talegaonkar, P.; Davarzani, S.; Saucier, D.; Persons, K.; Ball, J. E.; Burch, R.; Chander, H.; Knight, A.; Smith, B. (2021). Low-voltage capacitive measurement methodology for dielectric elastomers. In Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology XVIII (SPIE).
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2587797

Parker, E.; Freeman, C.; Persons, K.; Burch, R.; Ball, J. E.; Saucier, D.; Middleton, C.; Peranich, P.; Chander, H.; Knight, A.; Smith, B.; Davarzani, S.; Prabhakar, S.; Talegaonkar, P.; Turner, A. (2021). Deterioration of textile vs. electronic components over time in athletic wearable devices. In Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology XVIII (SPIE).
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2587975

*Nur, F., *Harrison, D., *Deb, S., Burch, R. F., & Strawderman, L. (2021). Identification of Interventions to Improve Employee Morale in Physically Demanding, Repetitive Motion Work Tasks: A pilot case study. Cogent Engineering, 8(1), 1914287 (1-17). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2021.1914287

*King, M., *Miller, S. Burch, R. F., ^Reimann, W., ^Shalala, J., ^Piroli, A., ^Bichey, C., & ^Rath, T. (2021). Quantification of Information Transmission in Signal Play-calling for NCAA Division 1 College Football: A comprehensive literature review. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 9(1), 24-35.
https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJKSS/article/view/6591

Freeman, C., Burch, R. F., Strawderman, Black, C., ~Saucier, D., L., Wilson, J., Rickert, J., *Bealor, S., ^Taylor, C., *Ratledge, M., *Fava, S., Smith, B., Waggoner, C., Nichols, A., ^Skaggs, G., & ^Callans, T. (2021). Preliminary Evaluation of Filtration Efficiency and Differential Pressure ASTM F3502 Testing Methods of Non-medical Masks using a Face Filtration Mount. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 4124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084124

C. Freeman et al., “Filtration efficiency and differential pressure of fabrics used in non-medical masks based on SARS COVID-19 particle size,” Textile Research Journal, p. 00405175211046056, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1177/00405175211046056.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00405175211046056

Stewart, E., Stewart, M., Arachchige, S. N. K., Turner, A., Knight, A., Johnson, J., ... & Chander, H. (2021). Validation of a Bat Handle Sensor for Measuring Bat Velocity, Attack Angle, and Vertical Angle. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 9(2), 28-32.
https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJKSS/article/view/6652

Chander, H., *Kodithuwakku Arachchige, S. N. K., *Turner, A., Burch, R., F., Knight, A., Wade, C., & Garner, J. (2021). Role of occupational footwear and workload on lower extremity muscle activation during maximal exertions and postural stability tasks. Biomechanics, 2(17), 202-213. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics1020017

Carroll, Will; Turner, Alana; Talegaonkar, Purva; Parker, Erin; Middleton, J. Carver; Peranich, Preston; Saucier, David; Burch, Reuben F.; Ball, John E.; Smith, Brian K.; Chander, Harish; Knight, Adam C.; Freeman, Charles E. (2021). Closing the Wearable Gap—Part IX: Validation of an Improved Ankle Motion Capture Wearable. IEEE Access, 9, 114022–114036. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3102880

Burch, R. F., Strawderman, L., Collins, G. Y., Mohammadi-Aragh, J., ^Martin, J., & ^Taylor, C. Development of a Collaborative Research Partnership Between Academia and Industry: A case study. International Journal of Engineering Education.
https://www.ijee.ie/contents/c370621.html?

*Brown, C., *Hicks, J., *Rinaudo, C., & Burch, R. F. (2021). The Use of Augmented and Virtual Reality in Ergonomic Applications for Education, Aviation, and Maintenance, Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10648046211003469

Talegaonkar, P., Saucier, D., Carroll, W., Peranich, P., Parker, E., Middleton, C., ... & Prabhu, R. K. (2020). Closing the Wearable Gap-Part VII: A Retrospective of Stretch Sensor Tool Kit Development for Benchmark Testing. Electronics, 9(9), 1457.
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091457

Luczak, T., Burch V, R. F., Smith, B. K., Carruth, D. W., Lamberth, J., Chander, H., ... & Prabhu, R. K. (2020). Closing the wearable gap—Part V: Development of a pressure-sensitive sock utilizing soft sensors. Sensors, 20(1), 208.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010208

Luczak, T., Smith, B., Lamberth, J., Carruth, D., Crane, C., Hoppa, M., & Burgos, B. (2020). Perception of Comfort, Fit, and Jumping Performance of Elite NCAA Division 1 Student-athletes: The Effect of Basketball Shoe Design–Part II. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 8(3), 45-57.
https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJKSS/article/view/6256

Luczak, T., Burch, R., Smith, B., Chander, H., Carruth, D., Lamberth, J., ... & Burgos, B. (2020). Using human factors engineering and Garvin’s product quality to develop a basketball shoe taxonomy. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 1754337120965421.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1754337120965421

Luczak, T., Burch, R., Lewis, E., Chander, H., & Ball, J. (2020). State-of-the-art review of athletic wearable technology: What 113 strength and conditioning coaches and athletic trainers from the USA said about technology in sports. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 15(1), 26-40.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1747954119885244

Luczak, T., Burch, R. F., Smith, B., Lamberth, J., & Carruth, D. (2020). Jumping Performance of Elite NCAA Division 1 Student-athletes: The Effect of Basketball Shoe Design–Part I. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 8(2), 17-25.
https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJKSS/article/view/6088

Davarzani, S., Saucier, D., Peranich, P., Carroll, W., Turner, A., Parker, E., ... & Luczak, T. (2020). Closing the wearable gap—Part VI: Human gait recognition using deep learning methodologies. Electronics, 9(5), 796.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050796

Davarzani, S., Helzer, D., Rivera, J., Saucier, D., Jo, E., Chander, H., ... & Petway, A. (2020). Validity and Reliability of StriveTM Sense3 for Muscle Activity Monitoring During the Squat Exercise. International Journal of Kinesiology & Sports Science, 8(4), 1.
https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJKSS/article/view/6410

Chander, H., Burch, R. F., Talegaonkar, P., Saucier, D., Luczak, T., Ball, J. E., ... & Prabhu, R. K. (2020). Wearable stretch sensors for human movement monitoring and fall detection in ergonomics. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(10), 3554.
https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph17103554

Shelly, Z., Burch, R. F., Tian, W., Strawderman, L., Piroli, A., & Bichey, C. (2020). Using K-means Clustering to Create Training Groups for Elite American Football Student-athletes Based on Game Demands. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 8(2), 47-63.
https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJKSS/article/view/6092

Sebastian, K. M. (2020). Brain Injuries in American Football: Understanding the Injury, Difficulty in Helmet Optimization, and Current Communication Practices–A Narrative Review. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 8(4), 34-41.
https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJKSS/article/view/6413

Brown, C., Holland, A., Delarosa, J., Doude, M., Reimann, W., Rath, T., & Piroli, A. (2020). Comprehension and Selective Visual Attention in Play-calling Signage in NCAA Division 1 Football: A Comprehensive Literature Review. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 8(3), 1-13.
https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJKSS/article/view/6251

Saucier, D., Luczak, T., Nguyen, P., Davarzani, S., Peranich, P., Ball, J. E., ... & Prabhu, R. K. (2019). Closing the wearable gap—part II: Sensor orientation and placement for foot and ankle joint kinematic measurements. Sensors, 19(16), 3509.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163509

Saucier, D., Davarzani, S., Turner, A., Luczak, T., Nguyen, P., Carroll, W., ... & Prabhu, R. (2019). Closing the wearable gap—part IV: 3D motion capture cameras versus soft robotic sensors comparison of gait movement assessment. Electronics, 8(12), 1382.
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121382

Chander, H., Stewart, E., Saucier, D., Nguyen, P., Luczak, T., Ball, J. E., ... & Prabhu, R. K. (2019). Closing the wearable gap—part III: use of stretch sensors in detecting ankle joint kinematics during unexpected and expected slip and trip perturbations. Electronics, 8(10), 1083.
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101083

Luczak, T., Saucier, D., Burch V, R. F., Ball, J. E., Chander, H., Knight, A., ... & Iftekhar, T. (2018). Closing the wearable gap: Mobile systems for kinematic signal monitoring of the foot and ankle. Electronics, 7(7), 117.
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics7070117

Patents

Luczak, A. L., Tillery, E. P., Freeman, C., Burch, R. F., V., Ball, J. E., Saucier, D., Chander, H., Middleton, J. C., & Jones, B. A. Hand wearable sensor mount. U.S. Design Patent No. D1104792. Filed December 22, 2023. Issued December 9, 2025. https://patents.justia.com/patent/D1104792

Burch, R. F., V., Saucier, D. N., Middleton, J. C., Chander, H., Teer, T. C., Ouhabi, M. E. M., & White, C. Mobile markerless motion capture for movement data collection in all environments. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US20250046077A1. Published February 6, 2025. Filed August 2, 2024. Patent pending. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20250046077A1

Parker, E., Middleton, J. C., Carroll, W., Burch, R. F., V., & Ball, J. E. Combined electrical enclosure and mount for wearable plug-and-play device. U.S. Design Patent No. D1031678. Issued June 18, 2024. https://patents.google.com/patent/USD1031678

Middleton, J. C., Carroll, W., Parker, E., Burch, R. F., V., & Ball, J. E. Electrical enclosure with magnetic cable spooling management. U.S. Design Patent No. D1016017. Issued February 27, 2024. https://patents.google.com/patent/USD1016017

Carroll, W., Parker, E., Middleton, J. C., Burch, R. F., V., & Ball, J. E. Wire tie down. U.S. Design Patent No. D1007280. Issued December 12, 2023. https://patents.google.com/patent/USD1007280

Burch, R. F., V., Luczak, T., Saucier, D. N., Ball, J. E., & Chander, H. Wearable flexible sensor motion capture system. U.S. Patent No. 11,672,480. Issued June 13, 2023. https://patents.google.com/patent/US11672480